{"id":296,"date":"2026-06-08T00:00:53","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T05:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/?p=296"},"modified":"2026-06-04T12:21:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T17:21:01","slug":"queer-financial-wellbeing-homeownership-and-rainbowlining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/queer-financial-wellbeing-homeownership-and-rainbowlining\/","title":{"rendered":"Queer Financial Wellbeing, Homeownership, and \u2018Rainbowlining\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10 minute read\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many of us in the queer community know what we \u201cshould\u201d be doing financially. We just don\u2019t have the same access to information (or wealth) that our cis-het counterparts do.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s more expensive to be queer than straight, more expensive to be trans than cis. A lifetime of microaggressions, bullying, discrimination, and ongoing legislation to criminalize our existence wears on a person.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>We are tired.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We know we need to save for retirement and prioritize savings. But what good is thinking about retirement when your life is disposable to the government that is supposed to take care of you? What good is a diverse mutual fund when you have to choose between higher rent in a safer community or having money for nutritious food? Who cares about a 401(k) match when you keep getting let go from jobs for vague reasons after you tell them you\u2019re transitioning?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Article Outline:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Wellbeing &amp; Sexual Orientation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queer Discrimination in Housing and Mortgage Lending<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History and Impact of Redlining\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Trouble with Property Taxes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Wellbeing and Sexual Orientation<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econres\/feds\/files\/2024048pap.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our very own Federal Reserve published a report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2024 studying the relationship between financial wellbeing and sexual orientation (specifically gay, lesbian, and bisexual), using longitudinal data from 2019 to 2022. Longer-term studies like this are helpful in noticing overall patterns among a population.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s one thing to know your gay buddy from college has a thriving IRA and another to see the zoomed-out view and realize he is the exception rather than the rule.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Federal Reserve\u2019s report states that \u201c<\/span><b>our headline result is that LGB people in the US experience significantly more financial vulnerability than previously understood<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2026 there is consistent evidence that gay men, lesbian women, bisexual men, and bisexual women are all in significantly worse overall financial health than comparable heterosexual people.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study explored five potential influences for these correlations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Partnership Status: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LGB people are less likely to be romantically partnered than their heterosexual counterparts\u2013is a lack of shared resources a factor in the reduced financial wellbeing? Nope. The patterns discovered in <strong>the data \u201cdo not appreciably vary by partnership status<\/strong>, which suggests there is something unique about the LGB population that is related to financial insecurity.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Support from Parents: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Getting financial help from parents is common for young adults establishing a stable foothold in the workforce\u2013are parents disowning or not supporting their queer kids as much as their straight ones? The study found that <strong>LGB individuals are <\/strong><\/span><strong>not <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>significantly less likely to get financial help from parents<\/strong>, so this hypothesis is out.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Financial Literacy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Could it be that the LGB community has less access to or interest in financial education, due to discrimination? Alas, the study examined this idea and found that <strong>LGB people are <\/strong><\/span><strong>not <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>less knowledgeable about financial issues<\/strong> than heterosexuals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Risk Tolerance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are the queers less likely to take financial risks? Yes, actually. \u201c&#8230;gay men and bisexual women are both significantly less likely \u2026 to take financial risk.\u201d However, controlling for these differences in behavior <strong>didn\u2019t change the overall findings<\/strong> of the study.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Discrimination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well, if it\u2019s not risk, literacy, parents, or partnership\u2026 What is it? This is the area where the Federal Reserve finally finds traction in identifying the drivers of this financial discrepancy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s what they found:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Bias: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Larger gaps in financial wellbeing among Southern states; smaller gaps in Northeast and Western states<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Discrimination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LGB people are significantly more likely to report discrimination based on sexual orientation than heterosexual people\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Violent Crime: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bisexuals are significantly more likely to report being a victim of violent crime than their heterosexual counterparts\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queer Discrimination in Housing &amp; Mortgage Lending<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The report\u2019s literature review explores even more findings from past years of research, especially around home ownership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LGB people are significantly less likely to own a home than heterosexuals. LGB people are more likely to live in higher cost of living areas, which is a factor that isn\u2019t easily controlled, but data indicates that there is also the problem of discrimination among mortgage lenders.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The legal ability to marry <em>does<\/em> correlate with a higher rate of home ownership among same-sex couples, but there is also \u201can increase in the mortgage denial gap experienced by same-sex applicants relative to their different-sex counterparts.\u201d So, married queer couples are more likely to buy a home than unmarried same-sex couples, but they face discrimination in the process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History and Impact of Redlining<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The invented term \u2018rainbowlining\u2019 is a play on the term \u2018redlining,\u2019 a fundamentally oppressive practice built into our modern housing market since its inception. To understand the long-term impact discrimination will have on the LGB population, we can look at the ongoing impact of similar discrimination against the Black community.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FDR\u2019s New Deal included the National Housing Act of 1934, a piece of legislation created to make housing more affordable and decrease foreclosures during the Great Depression. Credit to purchase a home became more accessible\u2026 for white families.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A closer look at the details reveals racial discrimination codified into law.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The suburban areas considered most desirable and valuable for lenders were outlined on survey maps in green. \u201cStill desirable\u201d property was outlined in blue, \u201cdeclining\u201d property in yellow, and the riskiest and least desirable property was outlined in red.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theoretically sound, right? Better terms for mortgages in less risky locations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Except that the redlined areas were often Black neighborhoods and <\/span><b>contained most of the surveyed cities\u2019 Black households<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In fact, between 1945-1959, Black Americans received<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nationofcitiesfe0000gelf\/page\/220\/mode\/2up\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> less than 2% of all federally insured mortgages<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not a memory of a faraway time in the past. It is America\u2019s living history.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The effects of redlining continue to impact Black home buyers and generational wealth of Black families. While white suburban families were able to mortgage a home and pass it down to their children, it was more difficult to get a loan for Black families in the first place\u2013and when they did, mortgage rates tended to be higher as a result of the perceived risk to the lender.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Homebuyer.com provides a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/homebuyer.com\/research\/fair-lending-statistics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">breakdown of national mortgage data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Market Share: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black buyers received 7.65% of mortgages approved in 2024 (compared to 66.2% purchased by white buyers)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mortgage Approval Rates: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74.52% of mortgage applications were approved for Black applicants in 2024 (compared to 87.69% for white applicants and 90.14% for Asian applicants)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mortgage Origination Fees: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black home buyers had the highest average origination fees for mortgages in 2024 (0.769% compared to 0.599% for white buyers)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The entire housing market continues to disenfranchise Black people by design.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Trouble with (Property) Taxes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023, nonpartisan economic research group <\/span><b>Brookings <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reported on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/how-the-property-tax-system-harms-black-homeowners-and-widens-the-racial-wealth-gap\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">racial disparity in property taxes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a topic that used to have a federal fact sheet that has since been deleted from the White House website for some unknowable and mysterious reason.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time Brookings released their report, nearly three quarters (72.7%) of white Americans owned their home, compared to only 44% for Black Americans.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IRS tax code offers tax breaks to home buyers whose families have wealth to share\u2013you can <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">give <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">up to $19,000 without having to report the gift on a gift tax return, and the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recipient <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">doesn\u2019t have to pay taxes on the gift or report it as income. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(This limit changes year to year; $19,000 is the limit for 2026).\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This $19,000 loophole is very helpful when buying a home\u2013if your family has the wealth to spare, which most Black families don\u2019t. Brookings reports that the median Black household wealth is just $14,100, compared to $187,300 for white households (that\u2019s a difference of about 13x).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bullshit, right?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019re not even close to done.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Property taxes are ostensibly a good thing. They funnel a share of local wealth into communal funds for the betterment of the local community. The promise of public education and filled-in potholes often makes the tax bill an easier pill to swallow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, Black homeowners are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/context-cdn.washingtonpost.com\/notes\/prod\/default\/documents\/19fd7c55-911a-448f-a089-d299c773b5fb\/note\/84507c99-e0be-42bc-8c01-bd105496bebb.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over-taxed on their property<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at a significant rate. Researchers from Indiana University and UC Berkeley found that <\/span><b>Black households pay 10-13% more in property tax<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than comparable homes owned by a white household.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brookings\u2019 report also explores discrepancies in home appraisals as well. \u201c&#8230;real estate appraisers often <\/span><b>undervalue Black-owned homes by 21% to 23%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which lowers the price a home is likely to be sold for.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And if your rage is not incandescent enough, \u201cdata shows that <\/span><b>homes lose approximately 16% of their value once the neighborhood\u2019s population of Black residents reaches 10%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similar to the way a brand new car loses a huge chunk of value as soon as you drive it off the lot, a home\u2019s value loses a huge chunk as soon as a Black person takes ownership of it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To summarize:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black buyers are less likely to be approved for a mortgage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black buyers are subject to higher interest rates and fees on approved mortgages\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black buyers are less likely to receive financial gifts from family to help purchase a home<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black homeowners pay 10-13% higher property taxes\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black-owned homes are valued 21-23% lower than comparable white-owned homes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is it a surprise that Black families hold less wealth, once you see the math? It simply costs more to buy a house if you\u2019re Black.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bringing It Back to Queer Folks<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thanks for the history lesson, but this is supposed to be an article about queer financial tips, right?\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right! And what I hope you take away is that <\/span><b>the discussion of any one oppressed population is interconnected with every other marginalized group.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The discussion about redlining and anti-Black bias in the housing market <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is innately linked <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the discussion about anti-LGB bias in the housing market.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding redlining is key when discussing any discrimination in housing. It\u2019s the model for built-in systemic bias. Because we understand redlining, it\u2019s easy to imagine a few generations into the future to know that the gap in LGB homeownership will continue to widen just like it has widened across racial divides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We already know what happens when a demographic is excluded from building generational wealth. Black people know. Disabled people know. Working class people know. Immigrants know. Neurodivergent people know.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which is how we got on this whole topic in the first place, knowing we\u2019re \u201csupposed\u201d to do money \/ retirement \/ home ownership a certain way, but never being able to reach it no matter how many of the rules we follow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because the rules aren\u2019t for us\u2026 they\u2019re for the preservation and growth of white, straight, Christian, able-bodied wealth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources:\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avenancio-Leon, Carlos and Howard, Troup (2020). \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/context-cdn.washingtonpost.com\/notes\/prod\/default\/documents\/19fd7c55-911a-448f-a089-d299c773b5fb\/note\/84507c99-e0be-42bc-8c01-bd105496bebb.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Assessment Gap: Racial Inequalities in Property Taxation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d Indiana University, June 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carpenter, Christopher S., Kabir Dasgupta, Zofsha Merchant, and Alexander Plum (2024). \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econres\/feds\/files\/2024048pap.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sexual Orientation and Financial Well-Being in the United States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u201d Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-048. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17016\/FEDS.2024.048.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geldand, Mark (1975). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nationofcitiesfe0000gelf\/page\/220\/mode\/2up\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A nation of cities: the Federal government and urban America, 1933-1965<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Oxford University Press, New York.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hanifa, Raheem (2021). \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jchs.harvard.edu\/blog\/high-income-black-homeowners-receive-higher-interest-rates-low-income-white-homeowners\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-Income Black Homeowners Receive Higher Interest Rates than Low-Income White Homeowners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies, February 16, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Fair Housing Alliance (2025). \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalfairhousing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/The-State-of-Equitable-Homeownership-2025-FINAL.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State of Equitable Homeownership 2025 Report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding redlining is key when discussing any discrimination in housing. It\u2019s the model for built-in systemic bias. Because we understand redlining, it\u2019s easy to imagine a few generations into the future to know that the gap in LGB homeownership will continue to widen just like it has widened across racial divides.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,107],"tags":[108,111,110,109],"class_list":["post-296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","category-home-ownership","tag-discrimination","tag-housing","tag-lgbtq","tag-redlining"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pexels-rdne-8293750-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=296"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":298,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions\/298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treecitytax.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}